Definition of Classification:
According to Secrist, classification is the process of arranging data into sequences and groups according to their common characteristics or separating them into different but related part.
According to Stockton & Clark, The process of grouping large number of individual facts and observations on
the basis of similarity among the items is called classification.
Characteristics of classification
i) Classification performs homogeneous grouping of data.
ii) It brings out points of similarity and dissimilarities.
iii) The classification may be either real or imaginary.
iv) Classification is flexible to accommodate adjustments.
Objectives / purposes of classifications
i) To simplify and condense the large data
ii) To present the facts to easily in understandable form
iii) To allow comparisons
iv) To help to draw valid inferences
v) To relate the variables among the data
vi) To help further analysis
vii) To eliminate unwanted data
viii) To prepare tabulation
Types of Classification
There are four basic type of classification,
Which are follows:
1) Chronological classification.
2) Geographical classification.
3) Qualitative classification.
4) Quantitative classification.
1)Chronological Classification:
If the statistical data are classified according to the time of its occurrence, the
type of classification is called chronological classification.
According to Secrist, classification is the process of arranging data into sequences and groups according to their common characteristics or separating them into different but related part.
According to Stockton & Clark, The process of grouping large number of individual facts and observations on
the basis of similarity among the items is called classification.
Characteristics of classification
i) Classification performs homogeneous grouping of data.
ii) It brings out points of similarity and dissimilarities.
iii) The classification may be either real or imaginary.
iv) Classification is flexible to accommodate adjustments.
Objectives / purposes of classifications
i) To simplify and condense the large data
ii) To present the facts to easily in understandable form
iii) To allow comparisons
iv) To help to draw valid inferences
v) To relate the variables among the data
vi) To help further analysis
vii) To eliminate unwanted data
viii) To prepare tabulation
Types of Classification
There are four basic type of classification,
Which are follows:
1) Chronological classification.
2) Geographical classification.
3) Qualitative classification.
4) Quantitative classification.
1)Chronological Classification:
If the statistical data are classified according to the time of its occurrence, the
type of classification is called chronological classification.
Sales reported by a departmental store
| Month | Sales (Rs.) in lakhs |
|---|---|
| January | 13 |
| February | 26 |
| March | 29 |
| April | 11 |
| May | 09 |
2)Geographical Classification:
In geographical classification, (on the basis of area or region wise) the classification is based on the geographical
regions.
| Country | America | china | Denmark | France | India |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Product of wheat | 1925 | 893 | 225 | 439 | 862 |
3)Qualitative Classification:
In qualitative classifications, the data are classified according to the presence
or absence of attributes in given units. Thus, the classification is based on some
quality characteristics / attributes.
Ex: Sex, Literacy, Education, Class grade etc.
Further, it may be classified as :
I) Simple classification
II) Manifold classification
i) Simple classification: If the classification is done into only two classes then,
classification is known as simple classification.
Ex: a) Population in to Male / Female
b) Population into Educated / Uneducated
ii) Manifold classification: In this classification, the classification is based on
more than one attribute at a time.
Ex:
4)Quantitative Classification:
In Quantitative classification, the classification is based on quantitative measurements of some characteristics, such as age, marks, income, production, sales etc. The quantitative phenomenon under study is known as variable and hence this classification is also called as classification by variable.
Ex:
For a 50 marks test, Marks obtained by students as classified as follows| Marks | No. ofstudents |
|---|---|
| 0 – 10 | 14 |
| 10 – 20 | 16 |
| 20 – 30 | 07 |
| 30 – 40 | 11 |
| 40 – 50 | 02 |
| Tolal students=50 |
