need of Object-Oriented Programming

Need of Object-Oriented Programming 

            Object-oriented programming was developed because limitations were discovered in earlier approaches to programming. To appreciate what OOP does, we need to understand what these limitations are and how they arose from traditional programming languages.

1.Procedural Languages:

            C, Pascal, FORTRAN, and similar languages are procedural languages. That is, each statement in the language tells the computer to do something: Get some input, add these numbers, divide by six, display that output. A program in a procedural language is a list of instructions. For very small programs, no other organizing principle (often called a paradigm) is needed. The programmer creates the list of instructions, and the computer carries them out.

2. Problems with Structured Programming

             As programs grow ever larger and more complex, even the structured programming approach begins to show signs of strain. You may have heard about, or been involved in, horror stories of program development. The project is too complex, the schedule slips, more programmers are added, complexity increases, costs skyrocket, the schedule slips further, and disaster ensues.

3.Division into Functions

            Dividing a program into functions and modules is one of the cornerstones of structured programming, the somewhat loosely defined discipline that influenced programming organization for several decades before the advent of object-oriented programming.

4.Unrestricted Access 

            In a procedural program, one written in C for example, there are two kinds of data. Local data is hidden inside a function, and is used exclusively by the function. In the inventory program a display function might use local data to remember which item it was displaying. Local data is closely related to its function and is safe from modification by other function

5.Real-World Modeling 

        The second—and more important—problem with the procedural paradigm is that its arrangement of separate data and functions does a poor job of modeling things in the real world. In the physical world we deal with objects such as people and cars. Such objects aren’t like data and they aren’t like functions. Complex real-world objects have both attributes and behavior.

Characteristics of Object-Oriented Languages 

• Objects

• Classes

• Inheritance

• Reusability

• Creating New Data Types

• Polymorphism and Overloading  

What is Class And Objects in C++