Difference Between SQL and PL/SQL
SQL: Structured Query Language
SQL, which stands for Structured Query Language, is a powerful language designed for managing relational databases. It primarily focuses on querying, inserting, updating, and deleting data in a database. SQL is not a programming language; instead, it is a domain-specific language tailored specifically for interacting with databases.
Key Characteristics of SQL:
1. Data Retrieval: SQL is mainly used to retrieve data from databases. You can formulate queries to filter, sort, and group data to retrieve the required information.
2. Data Manipulation: SQL allows you to manipulate data by inserting new records, updating existing ones, and deleting unnecessary entries.
3. Data Definition: SQL helps define the structure of the database using statements like CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE, and DROP TABLE.
4. Data Control: SQL provides control over data access with statements like GRANT and REVOKE, allowing administrators to manage user permissions.
PL/SQL: Procedural Language/Structured Query Language
PL/SQL, which stands for Procedural Language/Structured Query Language, is an extension of SQL that adds procedural programming capabilities to the standard SQL language. It is used in Oracle Database systems to create program units that run within the database environment.
Key Characteristics of PL/SQL:
1. Procedural Logic: PL/SQL enables you to write procedural logic, including conditional statements, loops, and exception handling. This allows for complex program flow and business logic implementation.
2. Stored Procedures and Functions: PL/SQL is used to create stored procedures (reusable program units) and functions (program units that return a value). These units are stored within the database and can be called from various applications.
3. Triggers: PL/SQL allows you to create triggers, which are automatic responses to specific database events, such as data modifications.
4. Enhanced Data Processing: PL/SQL enables advanced data processing within the database itself, reducing the need to transfer data between the application and the database server.
Key Differences Between SQL and PL/SQL:
1. Purpose: SQL is primarily used for querying and manipulating data, while PL/SQL adds procedural programming capabilities to SQL for creating program units within the database.
2. Focus: SQL focuses on data retrieval and manipulation, whereas PL/SQL focuses on creating program logic and stored procedures.
3. Nature: SQL is a declarative language, specifying what needs to be done without detailing how it should be done. PL/SQL is procedural, outlining the step-by-step instructions for execution.
4. Usage: SQL is used directly in applications, reporting tools, and database management systems. PL/SQL is used within the database environment to enhance data processing and implement business logic
